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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Learn more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often used in blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after amazon coffee beans worldwide, making up 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee is affected by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became energy-rich after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty amazon coffee beans shops and roasters are focused on ethically sourced arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending gives control over the taste, aroma and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is often preferred to achieve an even and balanced taste that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after kind of coffee bean to cup coffee beans around the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may grow in less favorable conditions. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to grow.

While it may sound counterintuitive however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag it's likely there's some robusta too.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, the majority of roasters use blend the two varieties to reduce costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with subtle smoky undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. You can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers to ensure quality. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH, and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once thought to be a separate species, but was later re-classified to be an alternative to Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans are found on large coffee plants that can reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique taste is both sweet and tart, making them a popular option for house blends. They have a less pronounced flavor and lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually regarded as to be a different species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. The coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious taste. They are typically used to give blends extra body and a rich tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are well-known for their the most delicious taste. They thrive best at high altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however, they contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you want a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.